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I Anurag Tripathi am pursuing Masters Of Arts in 'Economics' from Central University Of Allahabad,Prayagraj

Sunday, 31 May 2020

Types Of Unemployment

Anurag Educational Academy

Unemployment:Person who are employable seeking a job but are unable to get a job.

Types:

1. Frictional Unemployment:
    Left the current job and looking for another
    Time-Lag between job
    It is always exists in the Economy
    Even in the Full employment
    Also called Search Unemployment

2. Involuntary Unemployment:
      Willing and able to work but don't get job

3. Voluntary Unemployment:
    Also called classical unemployment
    People do not want to get a job on existing wage rate
    This is not a real unemployment
    It does not consider during the calculation of Unemployment

4. Disguised Unemployment:
    Employed person's Additional or Marginal productivity is Zero (MP=0)  
   Generally seen in the Primary Sector(Agriculture Field)

5. Structural Unemployment:
   Due to immobility in the labour market
   Unskilled labour
   In structurally weaker economy
   ✔Disparity between the knowledge and skill that are demanded by the employer

6. Cyclical Unemployment:
    Also called Demand Deficient Unemployment
    Long-Term unemployment

7. Seasonal Unemployment:
    Less work in off season  


Now a days India is facing Structural as well as Cyclical Unemployment.


Playlist Link: "Only 10 Question"Series

Friday, 29 May 2020

#07 UGC NET/JRF PRACTICE QUESTION ECONOMICS

Anurag Educational Academy

This video contain questions and their answers on the basis of UGC NET/JRF (Economics) Syllabus as well as brief discussion about the following important topics:

👉High-powered money
  ( H=CC+Reserve with the banks)
👉RBI:
     ✔Established- 1 April 1935(Indian Regulating Act 1935)
     ✔Nationalization-1 January 1949
     ✔1st Governor- Osborn Smith
     ✔1st Indian Governor-C.D.Deshmukh

👉Unemployment(Video Link)

👉Excise Duties-Tax Revenue(Indirect Tax), Central Government Receipts (Video Link)

👉Pump-Priming: Injection of Money in the economy during Deflation.
Pump-priming is a process of Reinflation.

👉A.W. Phillips-1958-Phillips Curve(Trade off between Rate of Inflation and Rate of Unemployment)
Stable When the inertial Inflation Rate remain unchanged.
Long run Phillips curve is a vertical Straight line.

👉Stagflation:Higher the inflation with higher unemployment 

👉Vicious Cycle of Poverty-1961-Ragner Nurkse
"Probability Of Capital Formation In Under Developed countries "

👉2nd Five Year Plan(1956-1961)
   ✔P.C. Mahalnobis Model(Popularly known PCM Model)
   ✔Main Focus- Secondary Sector(Industries)
   ✔Iron Steel Plant
        📌Durgapur-West Bengal-with the help of Britain 
        📌Raurkela- Odisha-with the help of Germany 
        📌Bhilai- Chhatisghar-with the help of USSR Federation 
  ✔Prashat Chandra Mahalnobis:
       📌Father Of Indian Statistics 
       📌Birth 29 June -National Statistics Day
       📌Indian Statistical Institute-1932, Kolkata

👉After World War 2nd , K.N.Raj estimated the Balance of Payments first time for the RBI

👉A. K. Sen - Nobel Prize-1998
                      -Bharat Ratna-1999

👉Theory of Unlimited Labour Supply-A. Lwis-1954

👉Economic Actual Growth depends on two things-
       ✔Level of Saving
      ✔Capital Output Ratio
 📌Higher the saving, higher the investment
 📌Lower capital Output Ratio means that most efficient investment 
                                 (G=s/C)
Rate of Economic Growth =Level of Savings/Capital Output Ratio


Playlist Link: "Only 10 Question"Series


Wednesday, 27 May 2020

Sources Of Central Government Receipts



Anurag Educational Academy

Receipts: 1. Revenue Receipts
                2. Capital Receipts

1.Revenue Receipts:
it does not create Government liabilities...
There are two types of revenue receipts:
     (A) Tax Revenue Receipts
     (B) Non-Tax Revenue Receipts

(A) Tax Revenue: Two types- Direct Tax And Indirect Tax


      (i) Direct Tax Revenue; 
           Like: (a) Income Tax,
                     (b) Wealth Tax,
                     (c) Property Tax,
                     (d) Corporation Tax...

      (ii) Indirect Tax Revenue;
             Like: (a)  Sales Tax, 
                      (b) Service Tax,
                      (c) Central Excise Duties,
                      (d) Custom Duties...

(B) Non Tax Revenue:
       Like: (a) Interest on Lending, 
                 (b) Dividends, 
                 (c) Stamp Printing,
                 (d) Fees, 
                 (e) Penalties.....

2.Capital Receipts:
It creates government liability as well as reduce the financial assets
Like: Loans from general public(by issuing/selling bonds,securities...),Loans from foreign government,from RBI,From international institutions(World Bank, IMF.....)
There are two types of Capital Receipts; 
(A) Debt Receipts
(B) Non-Debt Receipts


(A) Debt Receipts: it has to repay by the government

       Like; (a) Market Loans,
                 (b) Short-Term borrowing 
                 (c) Treasury Bills,
                 (d) State Provident Fund,
                 (e) Relief Bonds,
                 (f) Saving Bonds...

(B) Non-Debt Receipts: it does not create any future repayment
      Like; (a) Recovery of Loans and Advances,
               (b) Disinvestment(sales of the shares of the selected PSUs)



Playlist Link: "Only 10 Question"Series

Monday, 25 May 2020

#06 UGC NET/JRF PRACTICE QUESTION ECONOMICS

Anurag Educational Academy

This video contain questions and their answers on the basis of UGC NET/JRF (Economics) Syllabus as well as brief discussion about the following important topics:

👉Measures of Dispersion:
1.Absolute Measures 
    ✔Range 
    ✔Inter-Quartile Range 
    ✔Mean Deviation
    ✔Standard Deviation
    ✔Lorenz Curve
2.Relative Measures
    ✔Coefficient of Range
    ✔Coefficient of Quartile Deviation
    ✔Coefficient of Mean Deviation
    ✔Coefficient of Standard Deviation
    ✔Coefficient of Variation

👉Conditions of Long-Run Equilibrium under Perfect Competition 

👉Price Rigidity-Paul M. Sweezy-1939

👉 Scitovsky Paradox-1941-"A note welfare Propositions in Economics"

👉Prof. Libhafasky -Total outlay Method

👉Von Neuman-Oskar Morgenstrn Utility Function-1944 "Theory of Games and Economic Behaviour"

👉Selling Cost


Playlist Link: "Only 10 Question"Series


Saturday, 23 May 2020

#05 UGC NET/JRF PRACTICE QUESTION ECONOMICS

Anurag Educational Academy


This video contain questions and their answers on the basis of UGC NET/JRF (Economics) Syllabus as well as brief discussion about the following important topics:


👉Rangrajan Committee- BOP Deficit-1993

👉Narsimhan Committee- 
    ✔1st- 1991-Banking Reform
    ✔2nd-1998- Review Of Banking Reform 

👉Kelker Committee-(2002-03)- Tax Structure Reform

👉Malhotra Committee-1993-Insurance Reform

👉Wanchoo Committee-1969-Direct Tax

👉Chelliah Committee-(1991-1993)-Tax Reform

👉Rekhi Committee-1992- Indirect Tax

👉Adolph Wagner's Theory of Increasing States activity-1880

👉Planning Commission-1951-A Non-Statutory Body
   ✔NITI(National Institute for Transforming India)-2015

👉Price Elasticity Of Demand Measures:
   ✔Total Expenditure Method
   ✔Proprtionate of Percentage Method
   ✔Geometric Method or Point Elasticity 
   ✔Arc Elasticity 
   ✔Revenue Method

👉Public Goods
    ✔Non-Excludability
    ✔Non-Rival
    ✔Non-rejectable

👉Kinked Demand Curve-1939-Paul M. Sweezy

👉Theory of Surplus Value:1969-Karl Marx

👉Reveald Preference Theory-1948-Paul A. Samuelson

👉Poin of Constrained Bliss-A. Bergson -1938


Playlist Link: "Only 10 Question"Series

Thursday, 21 May 2020

#04 UGC NET/JRF PRACTICE QUESTION ECONOMICS

Anurag Educational Academy

This video contain questions and their answers on the basis of UGC NET/JRF (Economics) Syllabus as well as brief discussion about the following important topics:

👉Theory Of Regional Group
   ✔Free Trade Area-NAFTA
   ✔Custome Union
   ✔Common Market- COMESA
   ✔Economic Union- EU

👉Inter-Regional and international trade-1933

👉Asian Drama:An inquary into the Poverty Nations-1968

👉Cannon Of Taxation-Adam Smith

👉Elasticity of Demand by Alfred Marshall

👉Measures of Incidence : Musgrave

👉Elasticity Approach: Marshall-Lerner Approach- "Price Effect of Devaluation "-1952

👉'Law of Increasing State Activity' by Wegner-1880

👉Peacock-Wiseman Hypothesis-1890:Public Expenditure dose not increases a smooth manner but in a jerky.

👉Incidence Of Tax-Dalton

👉Central Statistical Organisation-1951

👉Revenue Deficit=Total Revenue Exp.-Total Revenue Receipts

👉Capital Deficit=Total Capital Exp.-Total Capital Receipts

👉Budgetary Deficit =Revenue Deficit+Capital Receipts

👉Fiscal Deficit=Total Govt. Exp.-Total Govt.Receipts{Excluding Borrowings} 

👉Primary Deficit=Fiscal Deficit-Interest Payment  

👉W.W.Rostow-1960-"The Stages of Economic Growth:Non Communist Manifesto"

👉Ragnar Nurkse-"Probability Of Capital Formation In Under Developed Countries"-1961

👉J. M. Keynes- 1936- Effective Demand


Playlist Link: "Only 10 Question"Series

Tuesday, 19 May 2020

#03 UGC NET/JRF PRACTICE QUESTION ECONOMICS

Anurag Educational Academy


This video contain questions and their answers on the basis of UGC NET/JRF (Economics) Syllabus as well as brief discussion about the following important topics:

👉Finance Commission Chairman
    ✔1st- 1951-K.C. Niyogi
    ✔ 2nd- 1956- K.Santhanam
    ✔ 3rd-1960- A. K. Chanda
    ✔12th- 2002- C. Rangrajan
    ✔14th-2013-Y.V. Reddy
    ✔15th- 2020-N.K. Singh

👉Laffer curve 1974

👉Sampling (Probability and Non- Probability)

👉Absolute Advantage Theory 1776 by Adam Smith

👉Comparative Cost Advantage theory 1817 by David Recardo

👉Reciprocal demand theory 1858 by J.S. Mill

👉H-O Theory 1920

👉Long Run Growth Model of Solow 1956


Playlist Link: "Only 10 Question"Series

Sunday, 17 May 2020

#02 UGC NET/JRF PRACTICE QUESTION ECONOMICS

Anurag Educational Academy


This video contain questions and their answers on the basis of UGC NET/JRF (Economics) Sallabus as well as brief discussion about the following important topics:

👉Books and Their authors
      ✔Asian Drama 1968
      ✔Choice of technique 1965
      ✔Stages of Economic Growth 1960
      ✔ Strategy Of Economic Development 1958

👉Per Capita Income-1950 

👉PQLI-1979-Moris David Moris

👉HDI-1990-Mahmood Ul Haq

👉Long Run Phillips curve 1958 - A.W. Phillips 

👉Permanent Income Hypothesis 1957

👉Life Cycle Hypothesis 1950

👉Absolut Income Hypothesis 1936

👉Relative Income Hypothesis 1949

Playlist Link: "Only 10 Question"Series

Friday, 15 May 2020

#01 UGC NET/JRF PRACTICE QUESTION ECONOMICS

Anurag Educational Academy


1.The laws of returns to scale assume:
   
   (A) Technique of production is unchanged
   (B) All units of factors are homogeneous
   (C) Returns are measured in physical terms
   (D) All of the above

2.Payment of interest as a factor reward is explained by:

    (A) Productivity Theory
   (B) Abstinence Theory
   (C) Time Preference Theory
   (D) All of the above


3.In the light of Revealed Preference Theory,consider the following axioms,and select the right answer from the code given below:
(a)Rationality                                 (b)Consistency
(c)Transitivity                                (d)Non-satiation

Code:
(A) (a) and (b) are correct
(B) All the four axioms are correct
(C) (a) and (c) are correct
(D) (a),(b) and (c) are correct

4. Match the items in group-I with those of Group-II and select the correct answer form the code given below : 

          Group-I                                       Group-II 

a) kinked Demand curve                i)  Baumol
b) Full cost pricing                         ii) Bain
c) Sales maximisation                    iii) Sweezy
d) Limit pricing model                   iv) Hall & Hitch
                                                        v) Modigliani

 Codes: 
               a)         b)       c)       d) 
A)          (iii)      (i)       (iv)     (ii)
B)           (ii)       (i)       (v)     (iii)
C)           (iii)      (iv)      (i)      (ii)
D)           (iv)      (v)       (ii)    (iii) 


5.  Starting from the earliest, arrange the following concepts in terms of their development in Demand theory : 
(i)   Revealed Preference                       (ii)    Neumann and Morgenstern utillity Theory  
(iii)  Ordinal  utility                                (iv)  Cardinal utility 
   
Codes : 
(A)        (iii)         (i)       (iv)       (ii)
(B)        (iv)         (iii)     (ii)        (i)
(C)        (i)           (ii)      (iii)       (iv)
(D)        (iv)         (iii)     (i)         (ii) 

6.  The notion of production funtion implies : 
     
        (A)     Economic Efficiency                                 (B)      Technical Efficiency
        (C)     Allocative Efficiency                                 (D)       All of the above

7.  The core of an economy contains: 

       (A)     All Pareto optimal allocations 
       (B)     All Competitive allocations 
       (C)     All Pareto improving allocations of the initial endowments 
       (D)     All the feasible allocations 

8. Demand for consumer durables and human capital forms part of the consumption demand model developed by which economist ?
   
        (A)  Friedman        
        (B)   Tobin       
        (C)   Rosenstein Rodan        
         (D)  Baumol 


9.   Money multiplier determines : 
     
        (A)  Total supply of money in the economy             
      (B)  High powered money 
      (C)  Components of money supply                         
       (D)  Employment and output in the economy

10)  Match the items in Group -I with those of Group-II  and select the correct answer from the codes given below : 
              Group - I                                                          Group - I 
(a)      MV=PT                                                        (i)     Marshall 
(b)     MV =  k PY                                                  (ii)    Friedman 
(c)     MV = f (r, y, w)                                             (iii)    Fisher

(d)    Md/P=√2bT/r                                                 (iv)Baumol
                                                                                (v)Ando

Codes:
                  (a)                 (b)                 (c)               (d)

(A)             (iv)               (iii)                (ii)               (i)
(B)             (i)                 (ii)                (iii)              (iv)
(C)             (ii)                (iv)                (i)                (ii)
(D)             (iii)               (i)                  (ii)              (iv)


This video contain questions and their answers on the basis of UGC NET/JRF (Economics) Syllabus as well as brief discussion about the following important topics:

👉Laws of Returns to Scale

👉Productivity Theory by J.B. Clark and F.H. Knight

👉Abstinence or Waiting Theory by Senior (Waiting Theory by Marshall)

👉Austrian or Agio Theory 1834

👉Reveald Preference Theory 1948 by Paul A. Samuelson 

👉Production Function 

👉Permanent Income Hypothesis 1957

👉Cash-Balance Approach 

👉Fisher's Equation 1911

👉Baumol's Equation.....

👉Kinked Demand Curve 1939 by Paul M. Sweezy

👉Full Cost Pricing by Hall and Hitch 1939

👉Sales Maximisation 1959 by Baumol

👉Limit Pricing Model (1949 and 1956)-J.Bain



Playlist Link: "Only 10 Question"Series

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